How cosmetic products are actually made: emulsification, pH, preservation, and the physics of skin.
3 articles
HLB values, phase inversion temperatures, and the difference between O/W and W/O emulsions — the fundamentals that anyone evaluating a moisturiser needs to understand before they trust a label.
Vitamin C requires a pH below 3.5 to be effective. AHAs need to be below 4.0. Retinol is most stable above 5.5. Most brands do not disclose their product pH. Here is why that matters — and how to find out.
The 'no preservatives' claim has become a marketing asset. In reality, an unpreserved water-containing cosmetic is a microbial growth medium. The preservative-free movement is putting consumers at risk.
We use analytics cookies to understand how readers find and use our content. No advertising cookies. No third-party tracking. Privacy Policy